Library & Learning Commons: APA Style Guide: Dis- Mis- information

RESOURCES

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association provides detailed guidelines for using APA style.

The most recent edition of the manual is currently available on Reserve at the Library Help Desk.

For lists of changes found in the 7th edition of the APA manual, visit https://apastyle.apa.org/products
/publication-manual-7th-edition.

Cites & Sources is a guide to essay writing, formatting, and documenting references using APA style.

This guide can also be found on Reserve at the Library Help Desk.

Fake News and Disinformation

Fake News and Disinformation
Video documentaries. Fake news and disinformation are increasingly spreading on the internet, especially on social media. But how can you recognize fake news, and why is it being shared so widely? This theme presents the issue and gives some tips on how to protect yourself from fake news and disinformation.
Only in Canada - a case stuy
In late 2015, several chain emails & Facebook posts claimed that refugees received more money than pensioners/veterans/welfare recipients. These claims were circulated widely, and are still being shared today. This version is a fact-checked mark-up provided by Dr. Silvia D'Addario and York University students for Canadian Council of Refugees

DISINFORMATION AND MISINFORMATION

The terms misinformation, disinformation, mal-information, misleading, or inaccurate may all be used to better describe the many facets of what is commonly called fake news.
Learn to recognize common indicators of misinformation and disinformation - accidentally getting the facts wrong or the deliberate act of being wrong.

Toolkit to resist disinformation and foreign interference for community leaders
The real 'fake news': how to spot misinformation and disinformation online

The term "fake news" can be a problematic term and not used. It can easily be politicized and used as a weapon to undermine news sources which may not agree with one's beliefs.

Source: The Learning Portal

EVALUATING RESOURCES

WHO created the resource?
Is the writer Indigenous, Canadian, North American, etc.?
What is the creator's worldview: lived experience, culture, point of view, or philosophy

WHEN was the resource created?
Is it an older resource and therefore may have harmful ideas or language?
Does the historical context or intended purpose support or negate your thesis?
Are you writing an assignment that is historical or current in nature?

WHY was the resource created?
Does an individual benefit from the research - financially, or politically?
Does an Indigenous community, institution, political group or the general public benefit from the research.
Is the author trying to sell something or share a point of view?

HOW was the resource created?
Did the author consult or collaborate with an Indigenous community, institution, or political group?

Source: Harris Learning Library

CRAAP Test
How to Spot Fake News*
Documents with or without some truth but inaccurate by design or accident. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

Evaluate Resources
Keep in mind that not all the information you find online is credible, reliable, or even appropriate for your topic, so it is important to take a closer look at what you are reading.
CLICK on the SIXTH TAB of the How to Research page.
Introduction to College Research
Information literacy skills will prepare you to find and use information not only for college, but also in the workplace and your personal life. Having strong IL skills will make you a more thoughtful and effective consumer and creator of information, and will increase your awareness of and resilience toward the psychological, physiological, and sociological effects of living in a society overloaded with information.
Journalism, fake news & disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training
Categories of fake news include misleading connections, content and/or context, Content may also be manipulated.
Practice 'click restraint'
Before clicking on a search result, examine the URL and information snippets about the source.
How to spot a fake viral video
By James Vincent, a senior reporter who has covered AI, robotics, and more for eight years at The Verge.
How to Tell Fact From Crap in the Newsfeed
Misinfo Monday is a weekly series by Mozilla where we give you the tools, tips and tricks needed to cut the crap and find the truth.
A finder's guide to facts
Many people doubt what authorities tell them and may trust newer platforms of news rather than news from traditional sources.
Thinking About Facts in the Digital Age
Our educational system and our reliance on the Internet has led to a generation that does not know what they don’t know
Why the flat-earth movement is the best symbol of the increasingly diminished value of truth and intelligence
Fake news bolsters science denial, and perpetuates movements such as: anti-vaccination, flat-earthers, climate change denial, and the fight against teaching evolution and sex education in schools
What are deepfakes – and how can you spot them?
AI-generated fake videos are becoming more common (and convincing). Here’s why we should be worried